Green Revolution in India, Various Revolutions In Agriculture

 

        Green Revolution in India 

· The term ‘green revolution’ was given by Amerivan scientist – Dr. William Gandle.

·    ·   The credit of Green Revolution goes to Dr. Norman Borlaug (Mexico) and Dr. M.S. Swaminathan in India.

·     ·  In India, it is associated with the use of high yielding variety seeds (HYVS), chemical fertilizers and new technology which led to sharp rise in agricultural productions during the middle of 1960s.

Second Green Revolution in India 

·       Strategy adopted in Eleventh Plan.

·       It aimed at efficient use of resources and conservation of soil, water and ecology on a sustainable basis and in a holistic framework.

12 Components of the Green Revolution 

High yield varieties (seeds), irrigation, use of fertilizers, use of insecticides and pesticides, command area development, consolidation of holding, land reform, supply  of agricultural credit, rural electrification, rural roads and marketing, farm mechanisation, agricultural universities.

Impacts of Green Revoltion

Impacts of Green Revolution are as follows Positive Impacts Increase in agricultural production, reduction of the import of foodgrains, capitalistic farming, industrial growth and rural employment.

Negative Impacts Inter-crop imbalance, increase in regional imbalance, unemployment due to mechanisation. Increase in inter-regional migration, ecological problems and social conflict between large and small farmers.

Food grains procurement and Stocks in India

Food grains procurement by government serves two purposes- providing support price to the farmers and building up public stocks of food grains. It is carried  ny Food Corporation of India (FCI).

Food stocks are maintained  by Central Government for: 

·       Meeting the prescribed minimum bufer stock norms for food security.

·       Monthly release of food grains for supply through public distribution system.

·       Market intervention to augment supply so as to help moderate the open market prices.

Fisheries/pisciculture

·       Fish catch in India is of two types – marine fisheries and inland disheries.

·       India is the third largest producer of fish and scond largest producer of inland fidhing in the world.

·       It accounts for anout one percent of the total agricultural production in India.

·       About 75% of marine fish landings are on the west coast and only 25% in the east coast.

·       Important fish caught along the coast are shark, sardine, herring, Mumbai duck, fly fish ribon fish and Mackerrel.

·       West Bengal is the largest producer of fish in India and is the largest producer of inland fish (31%)also.

·       Kerala has about 85% of India’s total processing facilities and processes the largest amount of fish in the country.

·       India exports anout  8% of the total fish production. Sri Lanka alone purchases 80% of our fish and fish products.

·       Sasson Dock in Mumbai is a major fishing harbour,

·       There are six major fishing harbours and 38 minor fishing harrbours. The major harbours are – Cochin, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Roy Chowk, Paradio and Sasson dock.

·       The Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical and Engineering Training is at Kochi.

·       The Central Institute of Coastal Engineering for Fisheries is in the Bengaluru.